Ambaum , M. H. R , Hoskins , B. J. and Stephenson , D. B. 2001 . Arc-tic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? J. Clim . 14 , 3495 – 3507 .
Araneo , D. C. and Compagnucci , R. H. 2004 . Removal of systematic biases in S-mode principal components arising from unequal grid spacing . J. Clim . 17 , 394 – 400 .
Barnston , A. G. and Livezey , R. E. 1987 . Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Weather Re v . 115 , 1083 – 1126 .
Brinlunann , W. A. R. 1999 . Application of non-hierarchically clustered circulation components to surface weather conditions: Lake Superior basin winter temperatures . Theor AppL Climatol . 63 , 41 – 56 .
Clinet , S. and Martin , S. 1992 . 700-hPa geopotential height anomalies from a statistical analysis of the French Hemis data set . Int. J. Climatol . 12 , 229 – 256 .
Dommenget , D. and Latif , M. 2002 . A cautionary note on the interpre-tation of E0Fs . J. Clim . 15 , 216 – 225 .
Karl , T. R. , Koscielny , A. J. and Diaz , H. E 1982 . Potential errors in the application of principal component (eigenvector) analysis to geo-physical data . J. AppL Meteorol . 21 , 1183 – 1186 .
Livezey , R. E. and Smith , T. M. 1999 . Considerations for use of the Barnett and Preisendorfer (1987) algorithm for canonical correlation analysis of climate variations . J. Clim . 12 , 303 – 305 .
Lyons , W. F. and Bonell , M. 1994 . Regionalization of daily mesoscale rainfall in the tropical wet/dry climate of the Townsville area of north-east Queensland during the 1988-1989 wet season . Int. J. Climatol . 14 , 135 – 163 .
North , G. R. , Bell , T. C. , Cahalan , R. F. and Moeng , F. J. 1982 . Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions. Mon. Wea. Re v . 110 , 699 – 706 .
O’Lenic , E. A. and Livezey , R. E. 1988 . Practical considerations in the use of rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) in diagnos-tic studies of upper-air height fields. Mon. Weather Re v . 116 , 1682 – 1689 .
Reyment , R. A. and Jöreskog , K. G. 1996 . Applied Factor Analysis in the Natural Sciences . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 371 .
Richman , M. B. 1986 . Rotation of principal components . J. Climatol . 6 , 293 – 335 .
Richman , M. B. and Lamb , P. J. 1985 . Climatic pattern analysis of three-and seven-day summer rainfall in the Central United States: Some methodological considerations and a regionalization . J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol . 24 , 1325 – 1343 .
Richman , M. B. , Angel , J. R. and Gong , X. 1992 . Determination of dimensionality in eigenanalysis . In: Fifth Int. Meeting on Statist. Climatol. Toronto , Canada , 229 – 235 .
Serrano , A. , Garcia , J. A. , Mateos , V. L. , Cancillo , M. L. and Garrido , J. 1999 . Monthly modes of variation of precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula . J. Climate 12 , 2894 – 2919
Thompson , D. W. J. and Wallace , J. M. 1998 . The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields . Geophys. Res. Lett . 25 , 1297 – 1300 .
Thompson , D. W. J. and Wallace , J. M. 2000 . Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability . J. Clim . 13 , 1000 – 1016 .
Trenberth , K. E. and Paolino , D. A. Jr . 1980 . The Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure data set: Trends, errors and discontinuities . Mon. Weather Rev . 108 , 855 – 872 .
Wallace , J. M. 2000 . North Atlantic Oscillation/annular mode: Two paradigms — one phenomenon . Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 126 , 791 – 805 .
Wallace , J. M. and Thompson , D. W. J. 2002 . The Pacific center of action of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode: Real or artifact? J. Clim . 15 , 1987 – 1991 .
White , D. , Richman , M. and Yarnal , B. 1991 . Climate regionaliza-tion and rotation of principal components. Int. J. Climatol . 11 , 1 – 25 .