Atlas , D. 1994 . Footprints of storms on the sea - a view from spacebome synthetic-aperture radar . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 99 , 7961 – 7969 .
Atlas , D. and Black , P. G. 1994 . The evolution of convective storms from their footprints on the sea as viewed by synthetic-aperture radar from space . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 75 , 1183 – 1199 .
Bresch , J. E , Reed , R. J. and Albright , M. D. 1997 . A polar-low de-velopment over the Bering Sea: analysis, numerical simulation, and sensitivity experiments . Mon. Weather Rev . 125 , 3109 – 3130 .
Bromwich , D. H. , Cassano , J. J. , Klein , T. , Heinemann , G. , Hines , K. M. and co-authors . 2001 . Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5. Mon. Weather Rev . 129 , 2290 – 2309 .
Dudhia , J. 1989 . Numerical study of convection observed during the win-ter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model . J. Atmos. Sci . 46 , 3077 – 3107 .
Forsythe , J. M. and Yonder Haar , T. H. 1996 . A warm core in a polar low observed with a satellite microwave sounding unit . Tellus A 48A , 193 – 208 .
Grell , G. A. , Dudhia , J. and Stauffer , D. R. 1994 . A Description of the Fifth-Generation Penn StateINCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) . NCAR, Boulder , CO, USA . pp. 122 .
Harley , D. G. 1960 . Frontal contour analysis of a ‘polar low’ . Meteorol. Mag . 89 , 146 – 147 .
Harrold , T. W. and Browning , K. A. 1969 . Polar low as a baroclinic disturbance . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 95 , 710 – 723 .
Hobbs , P. V. 1978 . Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on mesoscale and microscale in cyclonic storms . Rev. Geophys . 16 , 741 – 755 .
Hobbs , P. V. and Persson , P. O. G. 1982 . The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in mid-latitude cyclones.5. The substructure of narrow cold-frontal rainbands . J. At-mos. Sci . 39 , 280 – 295 .
Hong , S. -Y. and Pan , H. -L. 1996 . Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model. Mon. Weather Rev . 124 , 2322 – 2339 .
Hoskins , B. J. , Mcintyre , M. E. and Robertson , A. W. 1985 . On the use and significance of isentropic potential voracity maps . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 111 , 877 – 946 .
Jameson , A. R. , Li , E K. , Durden , S. L. , Haddad , Z. S. , Holt , B. M. and co-authors. 1997 . SIR-C/X-SAR observations of rainstorms. Remote Sens. Environ . 59 , 267 – 279 .
Janjic , Z. I. 1990 . The step-mountain coordinate: physical package . Mon. Wea. Rev . 118 , 1429 – 1443 .
Janjic , Z. I. 1994 . The step-mountain eta coordinate model: further de-velopment of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulent closure schemes . Mon. Weather Rev . 122 , 927 – 945 .
Katsaros , K. B. , Vachon , P. W. , Black , P. G. , Dodge , P. P. and Uhlhom , E. W. 2002 . Wind fields from SAR: could they improve our under-standing of storm dynamics . J. Hopkins APL Tech. D . 21 , 86 – 93 .
King , J. C. , and Turner , J. 1997 . Antarctic Meteorology and Climatology . Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series Volume xi . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, UK . pp. 409.
Kuo , Y. H. and Reed , R. J. 1988 . Numerical-simulation of an explo-sively deepening cyclone in the eastern pacific . Mon. Weather Rev . 116 , 2081 – 2105 .
Kuo , Y. H. , Reed , R. J. and Lownam , S. 1991 . Effects of surface-energy fluxes during the early development and rapid intensification stages of 7 explosive cyclones in the western Atlantic . Mon. Weather Rev . 119 , 457 – 476 .
Mailhot , J. , Hanley , D. , Bilodeau , B. and Hertzman , O. 1996 . A numerical case study of a polar low in the Labrador Sea . Tellus A 48A , 383 – 402 .
Marshall , J. , Dobson , E , Moore , K. , Rhines , P. , Visbeck , M. and co-authors. 1998 . The Labrador Sea deep convection experiment . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 79 , 2033 – 2058 .
Melsheimer , C. , Alpers , W. and Gade , M. 2001 . Simultaneous observa-tions of rain cells over the ocean by the synthetic aperture radar aboard the ERS satellites and by surface-based weather radars . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 106 , 4665 – 4677 .
Moore , G. W. K. 1985 . The organization of convection in narrow cold-frontal rainbands . J. Atmos. Sci . 42 , 1777 – 1791 .
Moore , G. W. K. , Reader , M. C. , York , J. and Sathiyamoorthy , S. 1996 . Polar lows in the Labrador Sea - a case study . Tellus A 48A , 17 – 40 .
Moore , G. W. K. and Vachon , P. W. 2002 . A polar low over The Labrador Sea: interactions with topography and an upper-level potential vorac-ity anomaly, and an observation by RADARSAT-1 SAR . Geophys. Res. Lett . 29 , 1773 , doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014007 .
Moore , R. W. and Vonder Haar , T. H. 2003 . Diagnosis of a polar low warm core utilizing the advanced microwave sounding unit . Weather Forecast . 18 , 700 – 711 .
Mourad , P. D. , Thompson , D. R. and Vandemark , D. C. 2000 . Extracting fine-scale wind fields from synthetic aperture radar images of the ocean surface./ . Hopkins APL Tech. D . 21 , 108 – 115 .
Pagowski , M. and Moore , G. W. K. 2001 . A numerical study of an extreme cold-air outbreak over the Labrador Sea: sea ice, air-sea in-teraction, and development of polar lows . Mon. Weather Rev . 129 , 47 – 72 .
Parish , T. R. 1983 . The influence of the Antarctic Peninsula on the wind-field over the western Weddell Sea . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans Atmos . 88 , 2684 – 2692 .
Rasmussen , E. A. , Claud , C. and Purdom , J. E 1996. Labrador Sea polar lows. Global Atmos. Ocean Syst . 4 , 275 – 333 .
Rasmussen , E. A. and Turner , J. 2003. Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions 1st Edition. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, UK . pp. 612 .
Renfrew , I. A. , Moore , G. W. K. , Guest , P. S. and Bumke , K. 2002 . A comparison of surface layer and surface turbulent flux observations over the Labrador Sea with ECMWF analyses and NCEP reanalyses . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 32 , 383 – 400 .
Renfrew , I. A. , Moore , G. W. K. , Holt , T. R. , Chang , S. W. and Guest , P. 1999 . Mesoscale forecasting during a field program: meteorological support of the Labrador Sea deep convection experiment . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 605 – 620 .
Sanders , E and Gyakum , J. R. 1980 . Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the bomb . Mon. Weather Rev . 108 , 1589 – 1606 .
Sikora , T. D. , Friedman , K. S. , Pichel , W. G. and Clemente-Colon , P. 2000 . Synthetic aperture radar as a tool for investigating polar mesoscale cyclones . Weather Forecast . 15 , 745 – 758 .
van den Broeke , M. R. and Gallee , H. 1996 . Observation and simulation of barrier winds at the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 122 , 1365 – 1383 .
Wakimoto , R. M. and Bosart , B. L. 2000 . Airborne radar observa-tions of a cold front during FASTEX . Mon. Weather Rev . 128 , 2447 – 2470 .
Wu , S. Y. and Liu , A. K. 2003 . Towards an automated ocean feature detection, extraction and classification scheme for SAR imagery . Int. J. Remote Sens . 24 , 935 – 951 .