Anderson , J. L. 2007. Exploring the need for localization in ensemble data assimilation using a hierarchical ensemble filter. Physica D 230 , 99 - 111 .
Bishop , C. H. and Hodyss , D. 2007 . Flow adaptive moderation of spuri-ous ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble-based data assimi-lation . Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc . 133 , 2029 – 2044 .
Bishop , C. H. and Hodyss , D. 2009 . Ensemble covariances adaptively localized with ECO-RAP. Part 2: a strategy for the atmosphere . Tellus 61A , 97 – 111 .
Bishop , C. H. , Etherton , B. J. and Majumdar , S. J. 2001 . Adaptive sam-pling with the ensemble transform Kalman Filter, part I: theoretical aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev . 129 , 420 - 436 .
Bishop , C. H. , Reynolds , C. A. and Tippett , M. K. 2003 . Optimization of the fixed observing network in a simple model. J. Atmos. Sci . 60 , 1471 - 1489 .
Bowler , N. E. 2006 . Comparison of error breeding, singular vectors, ran-dom perturbations and ensemble Kalman filter perturbation strategies on a simple model . Tellus 58A , 538 – 548 .
Cohn , S. E. 1997 . An introduction to estimation theory . J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn . 1B , 257 – 288 .
Daley , R. 1991 . Atmospheric Data Analysis . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , 457 pp .
Daley , R. 1992 . Forecast-error statistics for homogeneous and inhomo-geneous observation networks . Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 627 – 643 .
Eady , E. T. 1949 . Long waves and cyclone waves . Tellus 1 , 17 – 31 .
Evensen , G. 2003 . The ensemble Kalman filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation . Ocean Dyn . 53 , 343 – 367 .
Gaspari , G. and Cohn , S. E. 1999 . Construction of correlation functions in two and three dimensions . Quart. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 125 , 723 – 757 .
Hamill , T. M. , Whitaker , J. S. and Snyder , C. 2001 . Distance-dependent filtering of background error covariance estimates in an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev . 129 , 2776 - 2790 .
Houtekamer , P. L. and Mitchell , H. L. 1998 . Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman Filter technique . Mon. Wea. Rev . 126 , 796 – 811 .
Houtekamer , P. L. , Mitchell , H. L. , Pellerin , G. , Buehner , M. Charron , M., and co-authors . 2005 . Atmospheric data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman Filter: results with real observations. Mon. Wea. Rev . 133 , 604 - 620 .
Hunt , B. R. , Kalnay , E. , Kostelich , E. , Ott , E. , Patil , D., and co-authors . 2004. Four-dimensional ensemble Kalman filtering. Tellus A 56 , 273 - 277 .
Khare , S. P. and Anderson , J. L. 2006 . An examination of ensemble filter based adaptive observation methodologies. Tellus 58A , 179 - 195 .
Khare , S. P. , Anderson , J. L. , Hoar , T. J. and Nychka , D . 2008 . An investigation into the application of an ensemble Kalman smoother to high-dimensional geophysical systems. Tellus 60A , 97 - 112 .
Lorene , A. C. 2003 . The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter for NWP-a comparison with 4D-VAR . Quart. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 129 , 3183 – 3203 .
Lorenz , E. N. 1996 . ECMWF Seminar on Predictability Volume 1 , Read-ing , United Kingdom , 1 pp .
Majumdar , S. J. , Bishop , C. H. , Szunyogh , I., and Toth , Z . 2001 . Can an Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter predict the reduction in fore-cast error variance produced bytargeted observations? Quart. J. R. MeteoroL Soc . 127 , 2803 - 2820 .
Miyoshi , T. and Yamane , S. 2007 . Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution . Mon. Wea. Rev . 135 , 3841 – 3861 .
Pedlosky , J. 1987 . Geophysical Fluid Dynamics . Springer-Verlag , New York , 710 pp .
Szunyogh , I. , Kostelic , E. J. , Gyarmati , G. , Kalnay , E. , Hunt , B. R. , and co-authors . 2008 . A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model . Tellus 60A , 113 - 130 .
Whitaker , J. S. , Hamill , T. M. , Wei , X. , Song , Y. and Toth , Z. 2008 . Ensemble data assimilation with the NCEP Global Forecast System. Mon. Wea. Rev . 136 , 463 - 482 .